摘要

中国经济发展面临日趋严重的能源环境制约，而经济发展与能源协调的本质在于产业与能源的协调发展。

国际产业转移是能源消耗跨国流动变化的重要影响因素。历史上能源消耗曾伴随着国际产业转移特别是世界制造业中心的转移而出现此消彼长、跨国流动。英国、美国和日本在其成为世界制造业中心的同时，能源消耗强度（即单位国内生产总值GDP或增加值的能源消耗量）也达到各自的历史峰值。20世纪90年代以来，特别是进入21世纪，在经济全球化和信息技术革命不断深入的新形势下，国际产业转移呈现出新特点、新趋势。突出表现为被转移产业本身的能源消耗轻量化，即被转移产业在转出国或承接国产业结构中，产业增加值相对较高，能源消耗却相对较少。因此，转出国或承接国能源消耗总量可能有所增减，但对各自能源消耗强度变化的影响会很小。

改革开放 30年，中国依托丰富的劳动力资源优势，特别是在劳动密集型产业和高技术产业中的劳动密集环节，积极承接国际产业转移，全方位嵌入了全球产业链条。经研究测算，2006年中国外商投资企业工业能源消耗3.35亿吨标准煤，比2001年的1.45亿吨标准煤翻了一番多，年均增长18.2%。以外商直接投资为载体的国际产业转移加大了中国工业能源消耗总量，平均每年增加 3800万吨标准煤，但并没有加大中国工业能源消耗强度。2006年外商投资企业工业单位增加值能耗1.57吨标准煤/万元（2000年不变价，下同），不仅远低于同期中国工业单位增加值能耗 2.31吨标准煤/万元，而且也低于2001年中国工业单位增加值能耗2.03吨标准煤/万元。经研究测算， 2006年中国出口产品能耗2.51亿吨标准煤，中国出口产品以占中国能源消耗总量1/10的能源消耗，创造了相当于中国 GDP 总量 1/3 的出口额。总体上看，国际产业转移对调整和平衡中国工业能源消耗结构，以及抑制中国工业能源消耗强度，起到了一定的作用。

中国应当积极实施“开放节能”战略举措，进一步扩大对外开放，充分、合理地利用国际产业转移，按照全球产业价值链条向资本与技术密集和信息与管理密集的两个价值增值方向，展开产业能源节约，在有限的能源投入情况下，通过产业附加价值的大幅提升，促进产业和能源协调可持续发展。

关键词：国际，转移，产业，能源

Abstract

Chinese economic growth is facing increasingly serious constraint in terms of energy and environment. The nature of balancing economic growth and energy is balancing development of industry and energy.

Global industry shift is an important factor influencing global energy consumption-flow rate. Historically, global energy consumption-flow used to change amid global industry shift especially the shift of world manufacturing center. Energy consumption intensity (energy consumption per unit of GDP or value added)reached the historical peak when a country became the world manufacturing center, such as the UK, the US and Japan. Since 1990s, especially since the 21st century, given economic globalization and information technology revolution, there have been new features and trends in terms of global industry shift.An obvious characteristic is the lightweight of the industry's energy consumption,which means the industry's value added is relatively high while its energy consumption rate is relatively low in the original country or the recipient country's industry structure. Therefore, although there may be a little bit change in terms of total energy consumption in the original country or the recipient country, influences on their own energy consumption intensity would be very little.

With 30 years of reform and opening-up, as well as advantage of tremendous labor resource especially in terms of labor intensity industry and high-tech industry's labor intensity sector,China has been an active recipient country for global industry shift and has embedded deeply in the global value chain.According to relevant studies,with the annual growth rate of 18.2%, China's industry's energy consumption of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)was33.5million tons of standard coal per thousand RMB in2006,which was over two times of the amount in 2001 (14.5 million tons of standard coal per thousand RMB).With FDI as the vehicle,global industry shift increased the total amount of China's industrial energy consumption(average annual growth of3.8million tons of standard coal thousand RMB), which however did not increase China's industrial energy consumption intensity. In 2006, FDI industry's energy consumption per unit of value added was 1.57 tons of standard coal/ten thousand RMB(based on2000constant price,same as below), which not only was lower than China's industrial energy consumption per unit of value added(2.31tons of standard coal/ten thousand RMB)at the same period,but also lower than China's industrial energy consumption per unit of value added(2.03tons of standard coal/ten thousand RMB)in2001.According to relevant studies,in2006,China's export products'energy consumption was 251 million tons of standard coal, which was just ten percent of China's total energy consumption but helped produce a significant export amount(contributed to about one third of China's GDP).Overall,global industry shift did play an important role in adjusting and balancing China's industrial energy consumption structure and controlling China's industrial energy consumption intensity.

China should proactively adopt the“opening-up and energy conservation”strategy. By further opening-up,China should appropriately use the opportunity of global industry shift, conducting industrial energy conservation by according to two value added directions of capital-technology intensity and info-management intensity in the global value chain.With limited energy consumption,China should promote balancing and sustainable development of industry and energy by significantly increasing industry value added.

Keywords：Global，Shift，Industry，Energy